History of zamfara state

Short history of zamfara state

By Salisu umar manta

Zamfara State, located in northwest Nigeria, has a history that dates back to the 11th century: 

• Hausa city-state

  Zamfara was one of the Hausa city-states, along with Kano, Katsina, Gobir, Kabi, and Zazzau. The Zamfara Kingdom was established in the 11th century and flourished until the 16th century. The capital moved from place to place, including Dutsi and Birnin Zamfara. 
• Sokoto Caliphate

  After the 1804 jihad of Usman dan Fodio, Zamfara became part of the Sokoto Caliphate. 
• British colonialism

  During British colonialism, Gusau became an important commercial and administrative center. 
• Military government

  In 1996, the military government of General Sani Abacha established Zamfara State as a separate entity. 
• Sharia law

  Zamfara was the first state in Nigeria to introduce Sharia law. 

Zamfara State is known for its fertile land, and agriculture and gold mining are the main occupations of its people. The state capital is Gusau, and other major towns include Kaura Namoda, Talata Mafara, Gummi, and Tsafe. 

How old is Zamfara State?

Zamfara State

Zamfara جهار زمفر
Location of Zamfara State in Nigeria
Coordinates: 12°10′N 6°15′E
Country	Nigeria
Date created	1 October 1996

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The good people of zamfara state are engaged in different Crops Production, livestock and Fish rearing in large numbers with the agricultural activities going on in the state it was given a slogan "... Farming is our Pride".

What is the religion of Zamfara state?

Islam

Just like in every other state in the northern parts of the country, Islam is the major religion of the Zamfara people. However, Christianity also exists, but there are not many Christians in the state. There are also some people who practice the native religion of their ancestors.

Zamfara (or Zanfara), a region in present-day northwestern Nigeria, has a history deeply rooted in the ancient traditions of the Hausa people. It is generally considered as one of the Hausa city-states. Known for its fertile land, Zamfara became an important player in the regional conflicts and alliances that marked the 17th and 18th centuries. However, constant regional instability and warring, particularly with Gobir, gradually weakened the state, leading to its eventual absorption by the Sokoto Caliphate in the 19th-century.[1]

Zamfara Kasar Zamfara (Hausa)
Map of western Hausaland in 1760
Capital	Dutsi Birnin Zamfara Kiawa Anka Common languages Hausa Religion Sunni Islam Hausa animism Demonym(s) singular: Bazamfare plural: Zamfarawa Government Elective monarchy Sarki   • before 1300 Dakka I (first) • 1899-1903 Abdullahi Gado (last) Succeeded by Zamfara Emirate Council Today part of Zamfara State, Nigeria Origin edit The Zamfarawa (people of Zamfara) generally claim descent from the Maguzawa hunters who once occupied what would become Kano. This is said to be the origin of the taubastaka (cousinship) that exists between the Zamfarawa and the Kanawa (people of Kano). They first settled at Dutsi, now a town in Zurmi. After seven years without a chief, they appointed Dakka as the first Sarkin Zamfara (lord of Zamfara).[1] Five more chiefs succeeded Dakka, all male except the sixth, a woman named Algoje. According to legend, these chiefs were giants (Samodawa), with Dakka reputed to have been able to eat a whole ox in one meal and whose shout could be heard in Katsina. Six large mounds of earth in Dutsi are said to be the tombs of these early Zamfara chiefs, twenty-three in total.[1] From Dutsi, the Zamfarawa moved a few miles north, near the Gagare River, close to present-day Isa in Sokoto. While some claim this relocation happened under their seventh king, Bakurukuru, it likely occurred at a much later date. From this site, they began constructing what would become the large walled town of Birnin Zamfara. The town walls were said to be eleven miles long with fifty gates. Remains of the wall can still be seen to the east of Isa.[1] According to tradition, the origin of the name Zamfara is linked to a Gobir princess named Fara. She is said to have gotten lost in the bush while fleeing from her husband and was rescued by hunters who took her to their village of Unguwar Maza near Dutsi. The hunters cared for her, and she eventually became pregnant by the youngest among them. Fara later grew homesick and requested to be escorted back to Gobir. Shortly after her return, she gave birth to a child. Grateful for the help provided to his daughter, the king of Gobir granted the hunters all the land between Unguwar Maza and the River Niger. They named it Zamfara, an elided form of mazan Fara ('the men of Fara'), and Birnin Zamfara was built at the spot where the hunters first found her.[1] Another tradition regarding the origin of the name Zamfara was recorded by Hausa scholar Alhaji Umaru al-Kanawi (1858–1934) in an Ajami manuscript. According to him, a 'new man' (mazan fara) came from the 'bush' (daji) as a hunter, selling his game meat. His settlement eventually grew, and "was called 'Land of the new Man' [kasar mazan fara] and later also Zanfara".[2] Map of Hausaland in the 16th-century. Zamfara can be seen as a province of Kebbi. 18th-century edit During the reign of Babba (c. 1715), Zamfara, allied with Gobir and Agadez, revolted against their overlord Kebbi, driving its forces back to the Gulbin Ka River. Led by Babba's son, Yakubu, the combined forces defeated the Kebbawa and captured their king, Muhammadu dan Giwa. During the war with Kebbi, the soothsayers of Zamfara prophesied a disaster unless a slave was sacrificed. Acali, one of Sarkin Zamfara Yakubu's slaves, volunteered his life on the condition that his family would be honoured in remembrance of his sacrifice. Zamfara defeated the Kebbi forces at Tsamiya Maibaura, and Acali's younger brother, Kare, was appointed the first Sarkin Burmin Bakura.[1][3][4][5] At the height of its power, Zamfara is said to have extended from Sabon Birni in the north to Kwiambana in the south, from the rocks of Muniya, Rubu, and Duru and the Babban Baki stream in the east to the River Gindi in the west.[1] Their successful revolt against Kebbi elevated them to a first-rate power in the region.[4][6]: 236  Zamfara's fertile land, described by German geographer Heinrich Barth, who explored the region in the mid-19th century, as 'almost the most flourishing country of Negroland,' made it attractive to conquerors and migrants. In the early 1700s, the Gobirawa were pushed out of the Asben region by the Tuaregs of Agadez and began settling peacefully in Zamfara. Sarkin Zamfara Maliki welcomed them as useful warriors, granting them farmland. However, the situation was different on Zamfara's northern border, where the Gobirawa had 'too much nomadic restlessness and pugnacity in their blood to settle for long.'[1] Under the 90th Sarkin Gobir, Soba, the Gobirawa launched a three-year campaign, plundering lands as far as Ilorin in Yorubaland. After a series of military successes, Soba led his forces to attack Katsina in the mid-18th century and initiated a seven-year siege of the city of Maradi, ultimately failing to capture it. While he was away on this campaign, Agadez attacked the Gobir capital of Goran Rami. The Zamfarawa came to the aid of their new allies, Gobir. Under cover of night, they secretly surrounded the forces of Sarkin Agadez with a fence of thorns before launching an attack, saving the city from plunder.[1] Fall of Birnin Zamfara edit The 92nd Sarkin Gobir, Babari (r. 1742–1770), continued the violent campaigns of his predecessor, Soba. After 15 years as sarki, Babari began a series of attacks on his Zamfara allies, despite his sister Fara's marriage to Sarkin Zamfara Mairoki. The Zamfarawa "seem to have held their own in these engagements." However, the leaders of the Zamfara army came to resent Mairoki, who was said to taunt them upon their return from battles against Gobir by saying, "You have not caught the tail of the monkey; what have you been doing?"[1][3] Eventually, the captains of the army decided to abandon their capital, Birnin Zamfara, to Gobir, even escorting the Gobirawa to Mairoki while shouting, "See, here is the monkey, down to his tail!" According to another account, Birnin Zamfara was so vast that Mairoki, happily playing draughts for three days, was unaware that his army had abandoned him to the Gobirawa. According to Barth, a 'reliable source' informed him that the destruction of Birnin Zamfara occurred around 1756, ninety-seven years before his arrival in Hausaland in 1853.[1][7] Others claim that the capital was destroyed in 1762.[4][6]: 237 [8] Mairoki fled to Kiawa, an ancient hill fortress inhabited by Katsinawa, located about twenty miles east of Kaura Namoda. He took refuge with his vassal, Tsaidu. There are varying accounts of Zamfara's history at Kiawa; however, historians S.J. Hogben and A.H.M. Kirk-Greene suggest that Muhammad Bello of Sokoto provided the version that was likely the most accurate. In his Raulat al-Afkari, Bello claims that Sarkin Gobir Bawa Jan Gwarzo (r. 1777–1795) besieged Mairoki in Kiawa for 'fifteen years until at last he got possession of him.'[1] Sokoto Caliphate during the late 19th-century According to tradition, upon learning that the Gobirawa had breached the walls of his capital, Mairoki had his wives strangle him with his own turban.[9] Other sources claim he retired to Banga, where, stricken with remorse for the loss of his kingdom, he committed suicide. Another version asserts that he took his life after being surrendered to Bawa outside Kiawa. Bawa reportedly had him decapitated and his head hung from a fig tree, which is still called durumin Mairoki at Kiawa